Should Canada, North America, and Central America form an American Essay

Should Canada, North America, and Central America form an American Empire, or super-state, similar to the European Union - Essay Example ree leaders, President Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Martin, and President Fox of Mexico conferred to deliberate upon bringing the North American countries as one. The leaders had agreed to settle for a condition in which both political and economic policies on security and antiterrorism would be integrated encompassing sectors as immigration, energy, transportation, and customs and to be complied with by the nations involved. Combining regulations to such extent might to some point yield the desired results however, since it would eventually expedite border crossing and facilitate an approach that favors ease in clearance of commodities and people at the continental level, one would not afford but imagine how it would give further allowance to entries beyond good cause. Once boundaries become freely movable, there would be huge probability toward illegal trade of goods as in smuggling, drug trafficking, and prostitution. Additionally, the common security perimeter would most likely induce elements that run counter to preservation of culture unique for each nation (Edwards). Super-state formation, on considering adoption of foreign policy, may entail threat to laws or acts made to protect both human health and environment. Just like the initial step by NAFTA, SPP has also targeted to modify certain regulations that enable corporations or private business firms to file charges against provincial and municipal governments. Later on, this would lessen the chance for environmentalists to express and defend their concerns since the new set of standards regard commercial motives more than environmental impact and would thus limit favor on establishing safety measures on humanitarian aspect. As it turns out, the union inhibits a sense of democracy especially when Amero becomes the new currency upon the mergence (Wells). The associated plan to establish a global transportation system is initially difficult to gauge given the complexity of the transportation

John Lewis Creates A Culture Business Essay

John Lewis Creates A Culture Business Essay Strategic human resource management is an informative process which is always developing and being studied and talked about by academics and commentators. As mentioned by Wright McMahan, SHRM refers to the pattern of planned human resource activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals.Human resource strategy is the result of a set of decisions a company makes about the humans with whom it does business. Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. Strategic Human Resource Management is focal point of activities which are related to employee of the organisation. In any organisation human resource management strategy is crucial to manage human resource in the right way. Strategy also gives the path for organisation to select right person in the right place. Management of the companys employees and their right approach in todays business can greatly effect on the companys overall performance. A strategic approach in Human Resource Management is essential especially in expanding companies. Starting from right staffing to maintaining performing employees, HR management is means in developing not only the employees, but the entire organization itself. Human Resources includes a broad range in management. A growing company depends on its existing success which can sustain and further develop its business starting with the right staffing. As demands for the product or services increase, additional manpower is needed to comply with them. The current manpower should be checked but not simply if they can comply with the demands, but it has to ensure that it can still keep its quality and standards. Mass production or bulk orders should not be an excuse in decreasing quality, hence, increased customer dissatisfaction and decreased sale .Strategic human resource management is human resource management carried out in a strategic way. The human resource activities are linked to the achievement of the organizations overall objectives. This is the new way of managing human resources as compared to personnel management. For a company that is already recognized in the industry and is eyeing on expansion, their status and reliability should be maintained. The leaders of the company can now focus on the products itself and expansion, and let the HR department handle the development of the organization. Keeping an eye on the companys long-term goals, mission and vision, the development of performance standards is essential to identify potential problems, non-performing employees and compliance to tasks and standards. Minor employee and performance problems should be seen immediately to avoid any future inconvenience and potential problems to the customers and thus become a liability to the company. HRM professionals can also identify the processes and the proper staffing for each of these activities, and in effect, the systems and approach in terms of the companys front line operations can be improved to decrease manpower hours, improve quality, streamline processes, and elevate standards. The success and growth of a small company can be attributed to its culture. Due to its size, Communication between all employees is not complicated. And alongside this communication, the trust and organizational goals are easily shared and understood by everyone. And in its growth, it is important that this culture is maintained and adjust to changes accordingly. HR professionals can work both with management and employees in doing this. With increase in employees and more demands in operations, communication may take a backseat for both parties. However, Human Resources Management can amend this and become a bridge in establishing what the management wants from employees and vice-versa. In its continuous development, it is but imperative that the management or its owner be prepared for more arduous tasks in operations and leading the rest of the team towards continued success. Management should be equipped with the right skills in planning, leading, organizing and establishing standards. As they are the ones who will eventually be focused in developing the company instead of the operations and technical aspects, a higher understanding of this responsibility is essential, and this also plays a significant part once competition is put into the picture. Companies fail because of a number of reasons, and mismanagement can be one of them. Operations may spin out of control if personal agendas and politics are placed, and in growing companies, this should be monitored and prevented. Developing not only management but also its employees is significant. To keep up with competition, employees should be given with a number of reasons to stay with the company, and do their jobs exemplary well. Their continuous growth, the right compensation and benefits, and work-life balance are just some of the things that motivate employees to perform better, producing better results for the customers and ultimately, the company. r Recruitment and selection à ¢-  Learning and talent development à ¢-  Human resource planning à ¢-  Provision of equal opportunities à ¢-  Managing diversity à ¢-  Motivating workers to achieve improved performance à ¢-  Employee counselling à ¢-  Talent management à ¢-  Payment and reward of employees à ¢-  Health and safety à ¢-  Redundancy à ¢-  Encouraging involvement and engagement à ¢- Change management à ¢-  Managing cross-cultural issues or international HRM. All will be concerned in some way to ensure that HRM activities add value by helping the organisation achieve its strategic objectives. They will focus on ensuring that the overall HR policies and procedures support the strategic objectives and that there is consistency in approach and implementation across the organisation. However, for each activity it is likely that other managers will also be involved to some extent. Line managers will be concerned with the actual implementation of the policies and procedures in so far as they affect their team, whereas the HR specialists will also be involved in the bigger picture, although the extent of the differences in role will vary between organisations. Tesco aims to ensure all roles work together to drive its business objectives. Tesco needs to ensure it has the right number of people in the right jobs at the right time. To do this, it has a structured process for recruitment and selection to attract applicants for both managerial and operational roles. Evaluate the contribution of strategic human resource management to the achievement of organisation objectives. Organisations are implementing strategic HR as a change agent, not to replace an out dated personnel department. Even though there is still confirmation within the UK that once these involvements are implemented, they just reinstate the role of the personnel department. To be effective HR belongs on the board of an organisation. The organisation that will be reviewed is Tescos; during the past decade they have introduced strategic HR with increased training of employees. The role of HR within the organisation has increased in importance. Their practice of training and the importance of HR will be reviewed with the current theory. This organisation was chosen, through their introduction of strategic HR policies, which has led to an increase in business. This has demonstrated they are a first class provider of training to their employees, and has given scope for the organisation to expand into new markets. Tescos operates in a very competitive market; the consumer has a choice where to shop for their groceries. They have expanded their portfolio to include CDs, DVDs, electrical goods and clothing. Recently they have expanded into the financial services offering customers products from Credit cards to insurance. All their products are available on the internet 24 hours a day. Their slogan every little helps is used to show their commitment to customers, this has been used to reduce prices and to increase the level of customer service. This slogan is now used in their staff training, that any intervention will increase the knowledge of the work force. The organisation is widely reported in news papers, this is due to the success of the business. They are rapidly expanding in the UK with the opening of their Metro stores and into new and foreign markets. This has taken a great deal of their resources in the planning and implementing stage of expansion. The core units need to remain focused, to retain the reputation they have built. Reinforcing the culture and values through training will focus employees on their roles. AC 2.1 Analysis the business factors that underpin human resource planning in organisation. Human resources planning is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve it goals. Human resources planning should serve as a link between human resources management and the overall strategic plan of an organization. Business growth business decline business change labour cost control changing nature of work impact of technology employee development etc There are things, events, or situations that occur that affect the way a business operates, either in a positive or negative way. These things, situations, or events that occur that affect a business in either a positive or negative way are called driving forces or environmental factors. There are two kinds of driving forces; Internal driving forces, and external driving forces. Internal driving forces are those kinds of things, situations, or events that occur inside the business, and are generally under the control of the company. Examples might be as mentioned below technological capacity, organizational culture, management system financial manageme employee morale. External driving forces are those kinds of things, situation, or events that occur outside of the company and are by and large beyond the control of the company. Examples of external driving forces might be, the industry itself, the economy, demographics, competition, political interference, etc. whether they are internal or external driving forces, one thing is certain for both. Change will occur! A company must be cognizant of these changes, flexible, and willing to respond to them in an appropriate way. External driving forces can bury a business if not appropriately dealt with. The question is, how does a business know what changes are occurring so that they can deal with them in a positive way. OK, thats the next issue. In order for a business to succeed and gain the competitive edge, the business must know what changes are indeed occurring, and what changes might be coming up in the future. I guess you might call this forecasting. Thus, critical to the business is what we call informational resources. It is the collection and analyzation of data. Some examples of critical information might include the following: Competition (what are they doing?) Customer behaviour (needs, wants, and desires) Industry out look (local, national, global) Demographics (the change populations, there density, etc.) Economy (are we peaking, or moving negatively) Political movements and/or interference Social environment Technological changes General environmental changes The above are just some issues organizations must be on top of. Well its never easy, but businesses that are successful include all of the above (and more), to develop the appropriate tactics, strategies, and best practices, to ensure successful out comes ) AC 2.2 Asses the human resource requirement in a given situation The main purpose of the human resources function is to recruit, select, train and develop staff. This means finding the right people, training and developing them so they achieve their maximum potential and creating systems that achieve high levels of morale and motivation. HR departments also often have the following responsibilities: 2.2.1Workforce planning This department is a major area of HRM. This involves anticipating in advanc requirements of the organisation both in terms of employees required and the appropriate skill mix. This will help the firm to predict likely changes in employment required, recognise future trends, in training and employ new human resources to meet these trends. 2.2.2Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection is about appointing the best person to do the job. 2.2.3Working conditions Working conditions such as the temperature, amount of light, toilet facilities could also affect an employees motivation. 2.2.4Induction training career development Induction training is given to a new job holder. This could include: history of the business, tour of the premises, introduction to other employees, health and safety procedures including fire evacuation, being shown how to use machinery. Induction training helps new employees to settle and become effective quickly. 2.2.5Appraisal Appraisal is the process of assessing the effectiveness of a process or an employee. 2.2.6Consultation Consultation: asking for the views of those who will be affected by a decision. These views should then be taken into account by the executive responsible for taking the decision. 2.2.7Promotion and transfers Promotion is when someone as being appointed to a more responsible and respectable job. Transfers is when someone as been transfer to a different department or to a different place for work. 2.2.8Termination of employment This is a better way of saying that an employee has been fired from their job. 2.2.9Pay, rewards fringe benefits Any benefit received by employees in addition to their wages or salary. Common fringe benefits are a company pension scheme, a company car and discounts when buying the firms products. 2.2.10Wage bargaining This is where an employee will negotiate their salary with their manager. Because the employee fells that it is time for a wage increase. 2.2.11Heath and safety issues Imposes on employers the duty to ensure, the health, safety and welfare at work of all staff. Firms must provide all necessary safety equipment and clothing free of charge. Employers must provide a safe working environment. Finally, all firms with five or more employees must have a written safety policy on display. 2.2.12Employment legislation Employment legislation is where employees need to follow certain rules and conditions in order to work for the organisation. AC 2.3 Develop a human resources plan for Tesco. Human resources planning refer to classic HR administrative functions, and the evaluation and identification of human resources requirements for meeting organizational goals. It also requires an assessment of the availability of the qualified resources that will be needed. Human resources planning should be a key component of nearly every corporations strategic business planning.To ensure their competitive advantage in the marketplace, organizations must implement innovative strategies that are designed to enhance their employee retention rate and recruit fresh talent into their companies There are six work levels in the Tesco. This gives a clear structure for managing and controlling the organisation. Each level requires particular skills and behaviours. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 1 frontline jobs working directly with customers. Various in-store tasks, such as filling shelves with stock. Requires the ability to work accurately and with enthusiasm and to interact well with others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 2 leading a team of employees who deal directly with customers. Requires the ability to manage resources, to set targets, to manage and motivate others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 3 running an operating unit. Requires management skills, including planning, target setting and reporting. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 4 supporting operating units and recommending strategic change. Requires good knowledge of the business, the skills to analyse information and to make decisions, and the ability to lead others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 5 responsible for the performance of Tesco as a whole. Requires the ability to lead and direct others, and to make major decisions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work level 6 creating the purpose, values and goals for Tesco plc. Responsibility for Tescos performance requires a good overview of retailing, and the ability to build a vision for the future and lead the whole organisation. Tesco has a seven-part framework that describes the key skills and behaviours for each job at every level in the company. This helps employees understand whether they have the right knowledge, skills or resources to carry out their roles. Recruitment Recruitment involves attracting the right standard of applicants to apply for vacancies. Tesco advertises jobs in different ways. The process varies depending on the job available. Tesco first looks at its internal Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. This is a process that lists current employees looking for a move, either at the same level or on promotion. If there are no suitable people in this Talent Plan or developing on the internal management development programme, Options, Tesco advertises the post internally on its intranet for two weeks. Selection involves choosing the most suitable people from those that apply for a vacancy, whilst keeping to employment laws and regulations. Screening candidates is a very important part of the selection process. This ensures that those selected for interview have the best fit with the job requirements. In the first stages of screening, Tesco selectors will look carefully at each applicants curriculum vitae (CV). The CV summarises the candidates education and job history to date. A well-written and positive CV helps Tesco to assess whether an applicant matches the person specification for the job. The company also provides a job type match tool on its careers web page. People interested in working for Tesco can see where they might fit in before applying. The process Tesco uses to select external management candidates has several stages. Tesco have a plan to recruit and select appropriate employees for the right post. 2.4 Critically evaluate how a human resources plan can contribute to meeting Tescos objectives. The HR Plan is a working document that allows us to show what we are doing and what we have achieved. The plan includes an overview of the achievements of the HR Department and a review of the previous Strategy and HR targets Human resource contributes the success of the company but some changes in the organisation effect in the human resource plan. So positive aspect of the human resource always not the same in some cases it may be criticize. Human resource plan is the key shape of the organisation which guides the company how to do operate the human resource department. Human resource plan is the key to an effective to decision making process. With the help of the efficient human resource the decision by the company can be effective. If human resource plan is effectively implemented it will positively contribute to the achievement of the organisations objectives. Some of the points which are contributing the company are as follow: Shape of the organisation The shape of the organization rely matter in the achievement of organization objectives. So HRM need to plan about it.HRM can help the organization in order to omit all the unnecessary employment from the organization. Thus it is also help in order to find the excess in human resource in the company. According to the requirements of the company if the structure does not match then the human resource plan will not help effectively. Communication Communication plays vital role in the organization it is considered most crucial part in the organization. In any organization human resource management is a communicator for the organizations employees. In the perspective of communication human resource need to be effective. Communication is a barrier and helps to maintain the demand and supply level in the organization and keep them in the right track. Training and development. The skills of the employees are sharpened by training and development. It enables the employees to keep them up to date with the latest requirements.Traning is necessary in order to facilitator with the new technology, because technology is a source to save the time and maximize the benefits. Transfer of knowledge. This modern era is the era of globalization and every organization is connected globally and can be. And in this way they can recruit human resource globally. But the time and experiences are different according to the time and new trends requirements. Human resource deals with effective way in order to lead the employees because they know how to deal with the situation the implementation of plan human resource would be effective. Human resource would be effective depending on the implementation of the plan. In the organisation how they make the plan and what process they set to implementation is the major. 3.1 explain the purpose of human resource management policies in Tesco. Purposes HR policies allow an organization to be clear with employees on: The nature of the organization. What they should expect from the organization. What the organization expects of them. How policies and procedures work. What is acceptable and unacceptable behaviour? The consequences of unacceptable behaviour. The establishment of policies can help an organization demonstrate, both internally and externally, that it meets requirements for diversity, ethics and training as well as its commitments in relation to regulation and corporate governance. For example, in order to dismiss an employee in accordance with employment law requirements, amongst other considerations, it will normally be necessary to meet provisions within employment contracts and collective bargaining agreements. The establishment of an HR Policy which sets out obligations, standards of behaviour and document disciplinary procedures, is now the standard approach to meeting these obligations. There has been an increase in training within the organisation; all employees now receive more training than before. This is a result of the HR department taking a strategic role. HR is not an administrative department within Tesco; they are proactive and are on the strategic level of the organisation. This increase in training priority has been supported by a rise in Human Resource Management. This practice emphasises that increased growth can only be maintained in the long run; by equipping the work force with the skills they need to complete their tasks (Mullins, L. 2005). The learning process has been challenged to create a culture that allows continual learning throughout the organisation. As knowledge is what matters, organisations and individuals alike must become continuous learners (Hawkins, P 1994). The organisation runs an academy that recognises skills in the individual. The training is identified from core, operational and leadership skills. All employees can access the core skills. These development programmes are tailored to the individuals skill level. The delivery method for the training is varied, allowing for the individuals learning preference. 3.2 analyse the impact of regulatory requirement on human resource policies in an organisation. Regulatory requirements are those requirements which are concerned about the employment law ,regulation requirements ,discrimination of law, data protection law and also human rights are related to these requirements. There is a question how an organisation can access to their rules and other activities which are affected to other stakeholders. Tesco provides several health and safety programmes and to the public as an additional activities. Employess dismissel: Without following the correct procedure or having a fair reason is directly to escort to a claim for unfair or wrongful dismissal successful claims damages can be substantial. The cost of defending a claim in particular times of a management time may be important and it does not matter you win or loss. HR policies can also be very effective at supporting and building the desired organizational culture. For example recruitment and retention policies might outline the way the organization values a flexible workforce, compensation policies might support this by offering a 48/52 pay option where employees can take an extra four weeks holidays per year and receive less pay across the year. Training and development policies As part of Every Little Helps,Tesco commitment to their people is that they will give them the opportunity to get on so that they are able to get the training they need to do their job and to develop their careers at Tesco. They want Tesco to be a great place to work for all our staff. Thats why they want everyone here to feel free to follow the career path thats right for them. There are a number of ways Tesco supports their people to achieve this, be it through an Options Development Programme, offering an Apprenticeship or encouraging the studying for a qualification whilst at work. Health and safety policy: Tesco measures health and safety performance using reportable accident rates, which they report each quarter to the Compliance Committee and annually to the Executive Board. Stores measure their own performance as well through the Store Steering Wheel, which Tesco set targets for reducing injury rates in each specific site. The main causes of injury remain slips, trips and manual handling. Tesco ran an accident awareness campaign in October 2009, in which we highlighted key safety messages to all staff. All stores apart from Express now have special clean as you go tools. In January this year Tesco ran a further campaign called see it, sort it, report it!, encouraging staff to give their feedback on near misses and how Tesco can improve safety. 4.1 analyse the impact of an organisational structure on the management of human resources. An organisation structure consists of action like task allocation supervision and co ordination ,which are leaded the betterment of organizational aims .It might be concerned as the viewing perspective through which individual can see their organisation and its environment ,an organisation can be structured or formed in many different ways, depending on their objectives. The structure of an organisation will be determined the modes in which ways it operates and performs. An organizational structure determines the desired allocation of responsibilities for several functions and process of different equities such as branch, workgroup and branch workgroup. Organization structure effects organizational action in two ways. Firstly it allocates or provides the best foundation on which standard operating procedures and rest of routines. Secondly it concerned in which of the individual involve to participate in the process of decision making. Hence it also helps in order to understand what kind of their views can help in the organizations action. There are several ways through which organization are structured, Functionally as it is explained above, regional area a geographical structure e,g within a marketing manager products like crisps and drinks. 4.2 analyze the impact of an organizational culture on the management of human resources: All organizations will have a culture which will have an impact on the way employees behave within the organization.. Employees are seen as a key resource. Our core definition of HRM from Storey talked about cultural aspects of HRM, so part of the way in which employees, as a key resource, can be managed is through the use of organizational culture to generate commitment to the organization and its values. Thus, as Ogbonn(1992: 80) notes, the achievement of HRM objectives requires the management of the organizational value system (culture) and this requires skilful implementation. Often within tourism and hospitality such values will be concerned with encouraging employee buy in to the customer care and service quality initiatives, which organizations see as a form of competitive advantage in the crowded market place. Organizational culture refers to the pattern of beliefs, values, and learned ways of coping with experience that have developed during the course of an organizations history, and which tend to be manifested in its material arrangements and in the behaviour of its members. For many this can be succinctly summarized as, The way we do things around here (Deal and Kennedy, 1988. This process of unlocking commitment and enthusiasm is by no means straightforward or uncontested (Thompson and McHugh, 2001). For example, we should be aware of the notions of sub-cultures, such that all organizational members might not subscribe to the organizational vision. Recognition of the potentially contested nature of organizational culture is important because it points to the manner in which there may be a disjuncture between the rhetoric and reality of organizational culture. Brown (1998) expresses this point as the espoused culture and the culture in practice. The former may be the positive view that is presented for public consumption, whilst the latter may allow for a more critical reading of any given organizational culture and to further appreciate this point the thread now considers competing views of organizational culture. [ by Frank at 3-6-2009 00:01 edited ] 4.3 examine how the effectiveness of human resources management is monitored in an organization: Organizational effectiveness depends on having the right people in the right jobs at the right time to meet rapidly changing organizational requirements. Right people can be obtained by performing the role of Human Resource (HR) function. Below is an outline and explanation of how to assess the HR functions of an organization by using HR activities in an architectural firm as an example. An important aspect of an organizations business focus and direction towards achieving high levels of competency and competitiveness would depend very much upon their human resource management practices to contribute effectively towards profitability, quality, and other goals in line with the mission and vision of the company. Staffing, training, compensation and performance management are basically important tools in the human resources practices that shape the organizations role in satisfying the needs of its stakeholders. Stakeholders of an organization comprise mainly of stockholders who will want to reap on their investments, customers whose wants and desires for high quality products or services are met, employees who want their jobs in the organization to be interesting with reasonable compensation and reward system and lastl

Absolute Knowledge: Analysis vs Intuition :: Philosophy

Absolute Knowledge: Analysis vs Intuition Is absolute knowledge gained through the process of analysis or intuition? In â€Å"Introduction to Metaphysics† of The Creative Mind, Henri Bergson makes a thorough distinction between analysis and his idea of intuition. As the basis of immediate, metaphysical knowledge, intuition applies to the interior experience of an object. Such experience entails true empiricism. Bergson explains his method of intuition and absolute knowledge through various terms, including duration, traditional rationalism and empiricism, and time. These terms shall be evaluated as they reveal the pertinence between true empiricism and true metaphysics. As a philosopher of immediacy, Bergson favors intuition over analysis as a mode to knowledge. Relative, mediate, and incomplete knowledge is the result of analysis. It involves viewpoints of an entire object which require a division of it into parts. These parts must then be labeled with symbols and then synthesized, mediated or recomposed into an inaccurate whole in an attempt to gain a complete, perfect understanding of the thing. The experience one has during analysis is thus, an exterior one which leads only to a partial grasp of the object. This grasp is relative as it depends upon the individual’s viewpoints. On the other hand, Bergson’s idea of intuition is a means to immediate, absolute knowledge. This knowledge is perfect, without limits, and inexpressible through symbols, or even language. It is a result of an interior experience, which Bergson claims, involves â€Å"sympathy† towards the object. As intuition entails â€Å"sympathy,† analysis entails a â€Å"desire to embrace the object† (161 The Creative Mind). In an attempt to illustrate the distinction between intuition and analysis, let us propose that the object is a choreographed dance. If I analyze it, I may observe the dancers or make a chart of the dance steps, and memorize the rhythm. I may compare various dancers or relate some steps to other steps in a series. In general, I understand the structure of the dance, but nothing more; my analysis does not lead me to coincide with the act itself, and it results in an eventual limit to my knowledge of the dance, which cannot be expanded. Howe ver, when I become a dancer, I coincide with the act. I utilize introspection and experience its entirety.

Preparation and analysis of inorganic and organic compounds Essay

Task 1 titration of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid In this experiment the sodium hydroxide is neutralized with Hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride (the soluble salt) it is then crystallized in a dish. The equation for the above reaction is →NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H20(l) Method Add 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide into a conical flask then add couple of drops of methyl orange indicator Next fill the burette with HCL using a funnel to the 0 mark Add HCL to sodium hydroxide in small amounts swirling constantly keep adding until the solution changes to a red colour record your result Using the same volume of HCL now add it to another 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide to produce a neutral solution Use a Bunsen burner and an evaporating dish to reduce the volume to half Finally leave to evaporate in a crystallizing dish to produce a white crystalline solid Average Volume = 26.35 Mass of Evaporating dish = 53.86 (Mass = 55.04 – 53.86 = 1.18g) Mass = n x Mr = 0.025 x 58.5 = 1.4625 Calculating Percentage Yield 1.18 x 100 = 80.7 % 1.4625 Test for ions present Sodium Na+ — test carried out = flame test – result golden yellow This happens as the electrons move to higher energy level and then fall back down when heated which gives out yellow light. Chloride test → test carried out = add silver nitrate – result white precipitate of silver chloride was formed Task (e) Purity analysis of NaCl In this task I will be showing the purity analysis of NaCl the same procedure will be carried out as before but this time 0.1 moldm-3 of sodium chloride is titrated with 0.05 moldm-3 silver nitrate the indicator will be the chromate indicator The chemical formula for the following reaction is:NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNo3(aq) RESULTS These are the results obtained for the following experiment: Rough 1 2 Final burette reading 19.9 20.5 20.6 Initial Burette Reading 0.00 0.00 0.00 Titre 19.9 20.5 20.6 Average Volume = 20.55 Converted to dm3 /1000 1)calculate no of moles of silver nitrate N= C x V =0.05 x 0.02055 = 0.010275 moles 2)answer = no of mole of NaCl (1 : 1 ratio) 3) Calculate the actual concentration of NaCl C= n/V = 0.010275 = 0.10275moldm-3 0.01 4)percentage purity ppurity = 0.1 x 100 = 97.3%) 0.010275 Task 2 Method: 1)shake 2g of 2- hydroxybenzoic acid with 4 cm3 of ethanoic anhydride in a 100cm3 conical flask 2) add five drops of concentrated sulphuric acid agitating the flask for about 10 mins the whole wil form a crystalline mush 3) Dilute by stirring it in 4cm3 of cold glacial ethanoic acid and cool by placing in a water bath containing crushed ice 4) filter off the crystals using a Hirsch funnel and wash once with ice cold water 5) place the crude aspirin in a 100cm3 beaker add hot water not boiling water till it dissolves 6)cool and filter of crystals this process is known as recrystallisation 7) Take 4 test tubes add 2cm3 of distilled water in each and in 1 tube add one crystal of the product before recrystallisation and shake 8) Second tube add one crystal of the recrystallised product and shake 9) Third tube add one crystal of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and shake 10) In last tube add one crystal of known pure aspirin and shake 11)To each tube add 2 drops in turn of neutral iron (III) chloride and shake Following this method I got the following results Mass at start was 2.04 Finishing mass was 2.08 Amount of yield: 138 →180 1 →180/138 1 →1.3 2.04 → 2.652 2.08 x 100 = 78.4% 2.652 Organic testing To test for a phenol group Method: Add neutral iron III chloride(if a phenol group is present it will change into purple complex and if theres no purple then the aspirin is pure) Using the following method my result showed a purple complex showing that my aspirin was impure Melting point analysis

An essay on the first stanza of A game of chess Essay

Through calling this poem ‘A game of chess’, Eliot continues with the theme he starts in ‘The burial of the dead’ of people who are trapped in a wasteland and making no effort to escape it, so are therefore stuck like a those in a check-mate during a real game of chess. The title is also a reference to ‘Women beware women’ by Middletone, a story in which a mother-in-law is playing chess, unaware that each move she makes on the chess board is matched by a move in the seduction of her daughter-in-law by the duke in the story. The reference to Middleton’s ‘Women beware women’ gives a depiction of passion and lust which Eliot uses as a contrast in the poem. In the first stanza, Eliot describes a room that is elaborately decorated and filled with beautiful items such as, â€Å"Sevenbranched candelabra† and â€Å"Vials of ivory and coloured glass. † Even though the room is decorated expensively, through listing the expensive items, he devalues them using bathos and parodying the woman’s efforts to create a room that is full of amazing items and ending up devaluing them. He compares the lady’s room to Imogen’s bedroom in ‘Cymbeline,’ through the mention of cupids, symbols of love. To stress the fact that although the woman has them, they are not full of life like the ones in Imogen’s bedroom. The woman in the room, a metaphor for people in the wasteland, is completely artificial and Eliot shows us that he disapproves of this through his comparison of her with people, such as Cleopatra, who are symbols of true art and passion. He writes, â€Å"The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne† in reference to the line from Shakespeare’s ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ that says, â€Å"The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne. † By doing this, Eliot compares Cleopatra, described as being of ‘infinite variety’ to the woman which stresses the fact that she is both artificial and sterile. Also, in the lady’s room is an ornamental carv(d dolphin which Eliot mocks as the dolphin was a medieval symbol of love and something Cleopatra used to describe Antony, yet the woman has it in her sterile room which is empty of love. Eliot feels that the woman’s existence violates that of those in myth. He shows this using references to Ovid’s story of Philomel. A mythical woman who was transformed into a nightingale, after her tongue was removed by her brother in-law king Tereus, to prevent her from telling others that he raped her. He tells of how she cried, â€Å"Jug, jug. † But how it falls on â€Å"dirty ears† because people in the wasteland cannot understand and therefore continue to stay in their ways and therefore commit sins as bad as Tereus’ actions. Through the story, Eliot shows that true passion is not easy to obtain and like Tiresias, Philomel had to be violated before she could receive an â€Å"inviolable voice†. Not only is the room full of lifeless art, it is also an eerie and disturbing place. We are told that the room is infused with colour as it mentions, â€Å"Sea wood fed with copper. † A chemical reaction that, â€Å"Burned green and orange. † The use of a chemical reaction reminds us that the room is very man-made and unnatural. This idea is re-enforced by, â€Å"Strange and synthetic perfume. † All of these things create a stuffy atmosphere, almost blinding because of the bright colours. The presence of the chemical suggests a lack of fresh air and suggests that this woman would be having trouble breathing another sign that she is barely existing and not truly alive. The nightmare setting created in ‘A game of chess’, is an example of the world as Eliot sees it. A capitalist world filled with passionless people who he feels merely exist to fulfil their temporary and carnal desire. He criticises the woman as rather than trying to escape, she masks the atmosphere with her perfumes. He also makes references to â€Å"the Sylvan scene† from ‘A paradise lost’ by Milton accompanied with the, â€Å"Standards wrought with fruit vines† to show what seems like an effort made by the woman to try to turn the room from hell into a paradise. But tells that she fails, beginning her descent into madness shown later in the poem. Eliot creates this room as a nightmare of the woman and then tells of how she is trapped in it, even though she tries to communicate with the outside world so desperately that even, â€Å"her hair, Spread out in fiery points, Glowed into words† revealing her desperation to communicate with the outside world.

Business Problem Matrix and Research Question Hypotheses

Business Problem Matrix and Research Question Hypotheses Abstract I must pay glowing tribute to the work of Burian et al (2010) as far as the abstract of this research is concerned. This is because I drew a lot of inspiration from the said authors in matters to with the methodology I used.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Problem Matrix and Research Question Hypotheses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, in adopting the specific methodology of Burian et al, I chose in principle to align research questions to the research design. The specific point of my evaluation of the methodology is in application in the cases of Riordan Manufacturing, Benedek Medical Technologies, Inc., Haynes Medical Distribution, LLC and Loehr Equipment Company. Burian et al (2010) points out that even though the order of the research is thought to be direct, a researcher’s attempt becomes repetitive (p. 46). Therefore aligning research questions to the research derives its importan ce to its purpose. The methodology seeks to make interventions of qualitative and quantitative research, as the two methodologies are crucial in determining accurate results. It is important however to mention the fact that a one sided approach cannot guarantee reliable results however empirical. A combination of these two aspects gives value to the research. In following the explanation above, the methodology used in this research will target the various companies using a varied approach to aligning quantitative and qualitative designs to address the research problem. Thus in explaining the two approaches, Burian et al( 2010) noted that the latter helps the researcher to come to terms with the strategies used to market the company’s products thereby exploring approaches and later using the findings to answer the outlined hypotheses. The quantitative approach tries to find out the cause and effect theory i.e. what can be observed by manipulating variables (p. 46). In addition , ethical issues during the research are to be considered, as every process must follow professional ethical standards. The importance and characteristics of effective questions and hypotheses and how to design a research question. One of the key characteristics of an effective research is that which is founded on a well-constituted literature and experiential knowledge of the problem at hand. This means that the literature is relevant throughout the research process for the reason of finding new knowledge that would answer the research questions (Van den Akker et al in press).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, carrying out a design based research involves going out to the scope of the study and having firsthand experience of the problem itself so as to ascertain the research validity. Thus, the researcher has to be involved in the problem to be able to fully understand the situation at hand. This will in turn lead to an effective application of the research design. Secondly, the research design has to be practical in the sense that the goals and objectives should focus at addressing the problem by continuously designing and applying involvement thus expanding the theories used to refine the methodology. (Design-Based Research Collective 2003) Thirdly, the research process needs to comparatively engage other works of research to introduce interventions that have been applied before thus avoiding repetition of the solution. This means that the researcher will integrate other views from similar researchers who dealt with the current problem earlier. In his flexibility in doing this, the researcher will come to expand the research and authenticate his findings thereby bringing an effective change to the problem at hand (DBRC, 2003; Reeves, Herrington, Oliver, 2005; Wang Hannafin, 2005). In addition, the researcher has to use a varie ty of methodology paradigms which are both qualitative and quantitative, and which relate to the needs of the research. This according to Christensen, Johnson Turner (2011) is seen in the fact that it will lead to the validity of the findings. This will also result from the field thereby giving evidence that supports the research. Finally, the research design has to be contextualized in a given setting for the reason of linking the process with the results arising from the research. (Wang Hannafi 2005, p.11). This will be made possible by making sure that the researcher files detailed accounts of the outcomes and highlights what has worked and what has not worked with the aim of bringing interventions to the changes made. To determine the outcomes as explained by the methodology, the research will bring out both theoretical and practical solutions. This can be generated using the following theories:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Problem Matrix a nd Research Question Hypotheses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Domain Theories This explains the various learning positions that the researcher is involved in. In the case of this research, the researcher is involved in the analysis of two companies whose learning environment is explored in the context of reviewing the research of Iwamoto.Crews.Coe consulting firm thereby coming up with the outcomes of the research that these theories produce. Design Framework Christensen, Johnson Turner (2011) highlights that the framework design is a solution that provides a set of â€Å"design guidelines for a particular problem of design challenge† thus implying that the research on the organization highlighted here was of the nature of selection and development of their workforce. This design therefore was designed to address the problem of the company’s strategies and processes of selection towards enhancing the success of their product s. Design Methodologies Design methodologies presented in this research were to address the particular problems of the two organizations. This methodology presented served as a guideline in addressing their particular problems. This is confirmed by Neuman (2011) describing a design framework as being prescriptive in nature, thus having a structure that shows how to implement a set of proposal and identify the skills required. This leads to the organization contracting Iwamoto.Crews.Coe to evaluate the organizations workforce and coming up with the outcomes. Because of the repetitive process, the researcher continues to effectively develop the design for the reason of making it applicable in a real situation. In conclusion, the nature of reality influences the researcher’s perception of things. Therefore, the knowledge one has gained through understanding the meaning of their experiences is important in realizing one’s values guided by intuition. Businesses Problems Mat rix The analysis that follows highlights the two companies whose problems lwamoto.Crews.Coe-Consulting Firm has been contracted to solve. In the matrix is a format used to describe the problem, identify the purpose, and develop questions and hypotheses in the following paragraphs. Company Problem Purpose Question Hypothesis Riordan Manufacturing Benedek Medical Technologies, Inc. Company Problem Purpose Question Hypothesis Riordan Manufacturing Benedek Medical Technologies, Inc. One of the two the companies IC2 contracted in partnership with Riordan Manufacturing This is a leader in plastic injection molding industry whose implementing strategy is to operate as a high performing organization. It aims to achieve this by hiring sales individual leaders with the ability of being highly effective in creating satisfied sales assistants and representatives to deliver outstanding customer service thus affecting the organization’s profitability. In the past, they promoted individuals using the criteria of performance and externally compared candidates in comparison to other applicants.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the process used did not bear positive fruits leading to the organization’s poor performance. This led them to work with Iwamoto.Crews. Coe Consulting Firm in modifying internal and external selection processes where candidates were compared with the required competencies. This process resulted in higher quality sales leaders. According to their expectations, they need more evidence that the revised selection process results in hiring led to people who were consistently demonstrating critical performance competencies. Therefore, a multi-rater tool was created to bring feedback to assess extent in which sales leaders demonstrate a critical performance competence. This tool had 3-5 behavior competence. 1) Individuals working with other leaders to rate extent of demonstration 2) each rated with the Likert type scale. Problem Promoting and hiring using performance criteria based on individuals rather than organization’s needs. Purpose To achieve this by hiring sal es individual leaders with the ability of being highly effective in creating satisfied sales assistants and representatives to deliver outstanding customer service thus affecting organization’s profitability. Question Does the revised selection process result to hiring individuals who demonstrate a critical performance competence? Hypothesis The revised selection process resulted to hiring higher quality sales leaders. Analysis Iwamoto.Crews.Coe Consulting Firm found out that initially the old process that Riordan used of hiring individuals compared to other individuals did not rate the participants based on the organization’s needs therefore leading to the failure of the organization. This implored them to rate the individuals based on the required competencies that the firm needed. Therefore, in identifying this, the Likert type scale tool was used which rated the behavior competencies by: rating individuals to work with other leaders in observing their performance d emonstration and individuals had to fill in the performance question. Benedek Medical Technology Inc. This company designs, develops, and distributes surgical equipment with minimal invasive endoscopic procedures. In the 5years of its operations, it has expanded in products, distribution markets and workforce. It needs to deal with its products’ expansion strategically and efficiently thus making it a global leading company. Focus has been to use more time and energy on selection and development of its sales workforce who distribute products because of its enormous growth and success. Their goal is to employ 90 sales professions who will be hired and trained using the phase approached based on products availability and schedule. It implemented a comprehensive selection process, identifying individuals with the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to be successful sales people who fit the organization’s culture. Currently, it has extended employment offers to 7 ind ividuals which depend upon a 3 day extensive training program where their success is determined by their performance on a series of multiple choice tests. The purpose is to educate new hired individuals on competitor products on how to position their products and ensure the employees understand clearly their success factors. Problem Using more time and energy on selection and development of its sales workforce to distribute products. Purpose To employ 90 sales professions who will be hired and trained using the phase approached based on products availability and schedule. It will also educate new hired individuals on competitor products on how to position their products and ensure the employees understand clearly their success factors. Question Does the energy used by the company to select and develop its workforce in distributing products cater for the need of growth and success? Hypothesis In 5 years, it has expanded in products, distribution markets and workforce. It needs to dea l with its products expansion strategically and efficiently thus making it a global leading company. Analysis According to the foreseen growth of the company, Iwamoto.Crews.Coe Consulting Firm has found out that in focusing more on the employees capacity building the Benedek Company has expanded tremendously thus the workforce being motivated to work with minimal supervision. The focus has made sure that the company has placed itself strategically to effectively serve their market. However, the company’s energy is to be cost effective in their selection and development process. In overall conclusion the above company’s best strengths against missing their success is that they did everything possible to contract a competent consulting firm. This move has gone a long way in trying to find out important issues that determines their success in that when an organization becomes aware of the value of its success (workforce) then it is on the road to being sustainable in maki ng sure that their information is accurate, research has made it possible for them to continue in the learning of their reason for their esteemed progress in the market. This never the less to say that the companies will now be free from external or internal threats, but to emphasize the need to review itself from in human, social, political and technological angle. Therefore, these types of research are tools for enlightening the members of organization so that they have a clear way forward in understanding their external and internal environments. Thus in coming to the realization of knowing their capacities and weaknesses they will ask themselves question that will lead to transforming certain sectors and ways in which they run their business. This process asks important question of when and where the company needs to reduce the workforce and when to increase its workforce. They will know be able to use statistical tools in professionally making decisions that improve their worki ng environment and thereby seeing the need to contract other experienced companies for developing their business. References Burian et al. The research roadmap: A primer to the approach and process. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(8), 43-57. Retrieved from ProQuest Education Journals. Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., Turner, L. A. (2011). Research methods, design, and analysis (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Design-Based Research Collective. (2003). Design-based research: An emerging paradigm for educational inquiry. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 5-8. Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., Oliver, R. (2005). Design research: A socially responsible approach to instructional technology research in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 16(2), 97-116. Van den Akker et al (in press). Introducing Educational Design Research. In Van den Akker, J., Gravemeiger, K., McKenney, S. Nieveen, N. (in press) (Eds.), Educational design research. (pp. 1-8). London: Routledge. Wang, F., Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments.Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 5-23.

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea You might think the best and most productive worker in the room is the one balancing 17 tasks at once and zooming up and down the halls, but you’d be wrong! It turns out that sometimes the smartest and most successful people are the ones who ease up on the throttle, turn down the pace, and work more slowly and mindfully. Here are just a few ways how a  slower approach to work can pay off hugely in the long run.1. You need more time than you think†¦ to think.It’s hard to do your best cognitive and creative work in the frenzy of the workplace. What if that frenzy were just†¦ pointless, though? If you start to think â€Å"slow,† you’ll give yourself time to ease the pressure, get creative, let your ideas simmer until they’re ready to emerge. Instead of jumping rapidly- and inefficiently- from task to task, try deliberately slowing down. You might be amazed at how much time you actually have in a given day when working effectively instead of in a frenzy.2. Your rational brain kicks in.You’ll be more confident in your ideas and decisions when you make them mindfully. Move away from your super fast automatic or â€Å"sympathetic† nervous system and those knee-jerk reactions, and towards the slower, more logical â€Å"parasympathetic† nervous system. You’ll get out of mental loops and autopilot and come to more logical decisions about which you can be more confident.3. Your listening skills improve.Are you frantically tuning people out, smiling and nodding because you’re just too busy to put down your task and listen? Curb this common behavior and learn to truly process the ideas and concerns of others. You never know when this might help you find the missing piece to a personal puzzle, or gain more respect and traction among your coworkers.4. You’ll make fewer mistakes.Working this way, slowing your pace to be more meticulous and measured, means that you’ll make fewer mist akes. And the mistakes you do make will be much easier to rectify. You might even learn something and have the time and space to internalize that lesson before moving on.5. Your brain will remember how to act.This kind of practice is also great because it will eventually train your brain to slow down and work this way automatically. Soon it won’t be a project, but just the way you work.6.  You can eliminate unnecessary work.Sometimes busy work is just that†¦ busy. Working slowly can help you realize which tasks are not necessary. Save yourself and your coworkers from extraneous work. Don’t create extra tasks for yourself or others when you could concentrate on the projects that really matter.7. You’ll learn to let go of stress.Instead of chewing your nails down to the quick and tapping your feet annoyingly while waiting for coworkers to finish off their tasks, concentrate on the work on your desk. Do it right, rather than fast. And instead of concentratin g on getting everything done, try working just on the task at hand and getting it done right. Relax a little and understand that it’s just not possible to leave work every day with a blank to-do list.

50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases 50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases 50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases By Mark Nichol The following phrases need not be summarily replaced by more concise alternatives, but consider making the switch, especially when you find yourself using various wordy phrases frequently in the same text. 1. a number of: some, many 2. afford an opportunity: allow, let 3. an appreciable number of: many 4. as a means of: to 5. as prescribed by: in, under 6. at the present time: now 7. by means of: by, with 8. comply with: follow 9. due to the fact that: because, due to, since 10. during the period of: during 11. for a period of: for 12. has a requirement for: needs, requires 13. have an adverse effect on: hurt, set back 14. in a timely manner: on time, promptly 15. in accordance with: by, following, per, under 16. in addition: also, besides, too 17. in an effort to: to 18. in close proximity: near 19. in lieu of: instead of 20. in order for: for 21. in order that: so 22. in order to: to 23. in regard to: about, concerning, on 24. in relation to: about, to, with 25. in the amount of: amounting to, for 26. in the event of: if 27. in the near future: shortly, soon 28. in the process of: (omit without replacement) 29. in view of: because, since 30. is applicable to: applies to 31. is authorized to: can, may 32. is in consonance with: agrees with follows 33. is responsible for: handles 34. it is essential that [one]: [one] must 35. it is incumbent upon [one] to: [one] should, [one] must 36. it is requested that you: please 37. pertaining to: about, of, on 38. provide(s) guidance for/to: guides 39. relative to: about, on 40. set forth in: in 41. similar to: like 42. successfully accomplish/complete: accomplish/complete 43. take action to: (omit without replacement) 44. the month (or year) of: (omit without replacement) 45. the use of: (omit without replacement) 46. time period: period, time 47. under the provisions of: under 48. until such time as: until 49. with reference to: about 50. with the exception of: except Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Capitalization Rules for the Names of Games15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Performance Measurement Within a Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Measurement Within a Project - Essay Example On the other hand, economic value refers to the financial side of performance measurement in relation to costs and outcomes in a project, but focusing on the financial side. In relation to this, it is crucial to compare and contrast the performance measurement and discuss their significance in any given project. Similarities The balanced score card varies from means of implementation in one business scenario to the other. In this case, it is similar to many other models of performance measurement due to the need to adapt the different techniques to suit the different business scenarios. None of the measurement methods can be applied as a wholesome without looking into the finer details of what each technique entails. For example, in the balanced score card technique, the implementation requires to focus on some key aspects such as financial outcomes, operational and marketing, as well as developmental inputs. By modifying the technique, it can successfully be implemented in any busin ess environment. On the other hand, economic value approach is modified to meet the definite needs of a business in relation to shareholder value. In the case of these two techniques, none can be employed singly without having to look at the needs of an organization. As a result, the two have to be adapted procedurally and according to the goals of the organization in order to come up with the desired results. In addition, business modeling as performance measuring technique requires tuning to fit the creation of the goals of the organization in question. This is concerning goal setting antics, which is associated with the quality of innovation. As a result, business modeling works hand in hand with the existing conditions to come up with new or modify existing goals. All the three methods of performance measurement prove the need for integration in any given business before the expected results can be delivered; following the different needs of any given organization. In addition, another similarity of the all the three measurement techniques is in the little impact that the three methods have on the performance of the stock market and accounting (Ittner et al, 2003). This is in spite of the level of satisfaction that different users of all the three techniques register. This means that all the three methods only work towards efficiency in the organization rather than visible result on the image of the organization in relation to stakeholders and accounts. In addition, using any one of the given methods on a short-term basis does not present any accurate results on accounting. This means that, for best results, all the three techniques should be used continually in order to achieve the desired result. Differences However, in spite of all these, there are differences between the different methods of performance measurement. This is as seen in the case of the balanced score card, in which organizations using this technique tend to emphasize on the non-financial outcome than those that use other methods. On the other hand, the business model and economic value techniques tend to place emphasis on two aspects of measurement, which are non-financial value drivers and measure. In spite of this difference, there is a similarity between all the three methods in that they place significantly within satisfaction range than other methods used. In addition, the balanced score card technique places the use of strategic cause-effect relations. In this case, it implies that business modeling and economic value

Micro economics homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Micro economics homework - Assignment Example es like Iceland, Japan, and Norway may end-up continuously and excessively kill endangered species like the humpback and the fin whales either for scientific research and/or commercial purposes (McCurry; Sea Shepherd Conservation Society b, c). The farmers can easily breed chicken but not whales. During the breeding period, the farmers can just put a rooster and hens inside a cage for several days and allow the hens to sit on their eggs while on the nests (Lyons, Collier and Silvy). After a short span of more than 21 days, the farmers can already expect the eggs to hatch (Loch, de Oliveira and de Silva). Even though the birth of twins is possible, Day revealed that â€Å"most females will only give birth to one calf at a time† as compared to multiple eggs in the case of the chicken. Furthermore, it usually takes a longer period of time (between 11 to 17 months) before a female whale can give birth (Day). This explains why the farmers can easily increase the supply of chicken but not the supply of whales. Earlier, it was mentioned that most whales are killed either for scientific research and/or commercial purposes. Considering the differences between the breeding period requirements of chicken and whale, a significant increase in demand for whales would definitely mean an increased risk of endangering the whale species. The Sea Shepherd’s attempt to cut short of Nisshin Maru’s whaling season does not always lead to lower revenue on the part of the whaling company not unless there is a strict government intervention with regards to its selling price. To be able to clearly understand this argument, one has to be clear that a whale is not a homogenous product wherein the buyers could easily find an alternative product (Tewari and Singh 165). Since whales are considered as heterogeneous or differentiated products, the whaling company has the advantage to dictate the market prices of whale products. Based on a simple micro-economic explanation, it is the supply

Technology and Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology and Organizations - Research Paper Example The influence of technology extends beyond influencing the organization to enhancing the services given to its customers. Of particular importance to organizations has been information and communication technology, commonly interchanged with the terminology technology, which could be attributed to the rapid increase in adoption of information technology in organizations (Zammuto et al., 2007). This paper adopts the definition of technology by Prasad (2009) which encompasses three elements: human processes, physical system and knowledge. Technology occurs through the interaction of human and organization processes and the physical hardware. Knowledge allows the creation of the physical product. Therefore, technology refers to the product resulting from a body of knowledge aimed at achieving a design for a physical system and the human processes interacting with the product, allowing it to meet the intended function. Importance of Technology to Organizations Technology plays a critical role in shaping the function and form of an organization. According to Zammuto et al. (2007), technology, and in particular information technology, propagates automation of organizational operations and increases communication speed. Automation of organizational functions has made it possible to collect and store tasks and replace people and papers with electrons, without necessarily changing the outcome of the tasks. Digital filing saves on paper and printing costs. The use of computer systems allows for instantaneous corrections and also, together with the capabilities provided by information technology, make information available when need be. Therefore, it could be said that technology enhances the efficiency of organizations. Secondly, technology in organizations eliminates time and space by promoting mobility (Prasad, 2009). For instance, video conferencing technology allows people in different localities to interact with each other. This creation of virtual meetings reduces travel costs and distributes data without necessarily being in the same room. Therefore, technology propagates the establishment of a global presence at minimal cost. Another importance that comes with technology focuses on human capital. According to Prasad (2009), technology in organizations enables effective screening, recruiting and hiring of rightful workforce. Various organizations use the Internet to attract potential employees. Technologies such as personality assessments have been useful in determining the fit of candidates in an organization. Negative Impact of Technology on Organizations Even as technology improves organizational performance, it also has limitations which could render it worthless. Birchall and Giambona (2008) point out job elimination as one of the major negative impacts of technology. According to the scholars, whereas technology could greatly reduce paperwork and human intervention on one hand, it reduces employment opportunities for people on the othe r hand. For example, the introduction of automated telephone answering systems has cut down on the human intervention through receptionists and telephone operators needed in many organizations. This results in elimination of jobs and in other cases alienation of customers. It further makes it difficult for the unemployed specialists to secure future employment. Nonetheless, Freeland (2013) argues against this postulate

Single-Slit Diffraction and Interference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Single-Slit Diffraction and Interference - Essay Example Diffraction causes the phenomenon of Interference, which is defined as the diffraction pattern produced on a screen on the other side of the obstacle from the light source. Thus, when monochromatic light passes through a single slit, it flares out, producing a single-slit interference or diffraction pattern on the screen. The diffraction pattern has a bright central region, which is surrounded by symmetrically distributed less intense regions. These bright bands are the ‘maxima’ or areas of constructive interference, interspersed by the ‘minima’ or dark regions of destructive interference. Thesis Statement: This paper will describe single-slit diffraction and interference. Single-Slit Diffraction and Interference A plane wave of light travels in a straight line; so when such a wave passes through a rectangular slit, one may expect it to fall on a distant screen in the form of a bright rectangle with sharp edges. However, the process of diffraction of light t hrough the single-slit causes the interference or diffraction pattern formed on the screen to have blurred edges with faint lines of bright and dark, where some light has spread into the shadow. The light wave spreading out from the slit is actually the interference effect termed as diffraction. As a result of diffraction, the light’s intensity is not uniform on the screen, and it extends into the shadow where it appears as secondary maxima. Between bright places in the shadow there are dark places termed intensity minima, where there is no light. According to Holbrow, Lloyd, Amato et al (2010), this is to be expected, taking a single slit of finite width b as two slits of width b/2 with no separation between them. â€Å"There might be interference between the light wavefronts coming from these two different halves of the slit† (Holbrow et al 2010, p.313). By considering the slit of width b to be composed of narrower slits, the occurrence of the intensity minima of the Interference or diffraction pattern can be calculated. Serway and Vuille (2006) reiterate that slits cannot be assumed to have negligible widths acting as line sources of light. On the other hand, their non-zero widths form the basis for understanding the nature of the Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern produced by a single slit. Further, â€Å"according to Huygens’ principle, each portion of the slit acts as a source of waves† (Serway & Vuille 2006, p.638). A single slit diffraction pattern is formed when light passes through a single slit whose width w is on the order of the wavelength of the light. Huygen’s principle states that each part of the slit can be considered as an emitter of waves. â€Å"All these waves interfere to produce the diffraction pattern† (Physics, 2012). In the diagram (Fig.1) below is seen a slit of width w, through which light is passing through. Fig.1. Single-Split Diffraction and Interference: Direction of the Light Wave (Physics, 2012) Destructive interference may occur between the ray at the top edge (ray 1) and the middle ray (ray 5). If so, the same occurs between rays 2 and 6, between 3 and 7, and b between 4 and 8. Thus, light from one-half of the single slit interferes destructively and cancels out light from the other half. â€Å"Ray 1 and ray 5 are half a wavelength out of phase if ray 5 must travel one-half wavelength further than ray 1† (Physics, 2012). Fig.2. Single-Split Diffraction: Gradations in Light Intensity and Dark Areas (Physics,

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st Dissertation

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st century - Dissertation Example es and trade press conducted and published (Manninen 2004; Taulavuori 2005; Salmela 2004; Karjaluoto & Leppaniemi 2005; Barnes 2002; Leppaniemi & Karjaluoto 2005; and Salo and Tahtinen 2005). Mobile communication channels is being viewed as the next frontier in achieving customer relation as mobile phone companies seek to market themselves through the mobile devises (Barnes and Scornavacca 2004; Facchetti et al. 2005; Denk & Hackl 2004; Kalakota and Robinson 2002; Varshney 2003; and Wang and Wang 2005). For the mobile phone manufacturers, it is not just a matter of providing a hand held device but ensuring that they provide a device that is able to provide various related benefits such as instant connectivity, increased convenience, and personalization of services. Phone manufacturers have to ensure that their devices are able to meet user's needs, such as provision of a platform that is able to support, m-commerce applications and other applications that is able to provide them with unforgettable experience. Despite the fact that increased studies have shown the benefits of mobile commercial communication, most businesses have not been able to recognise the importance of ensuring that their mobile devises are integrated with mobile communication devices that can help increase their client base and hence increased profitability. This research is intended to provide a platform for mobile phone manufacturer and users especially those that hope to increase their relationship on the business to consumer relation to be able to recognise the mobile devises produced are able to provide increased benefits to consumers and as a result, increase sales of their products and services and hence profitability. 1.1Research Objectives The main objective of the research is to help...Mobile device market is growing at a phenomenon pace. By the year 2008, Apple sold 4 million iPhones a figure, that was translated to almost 20,000 iPhones sold every day. At the same time, it was r eported that by the year ending 2007, the total percentage of web browsing on iPhone was at 0.12% of all browsing in the market. Apple’s iPhone has changed the game for many users browsing the web on a mobile device. Web developers can now create functionally rich and visually appealing applications that run within the iPhone’s version of the Safari Mobile web browser. As shown in the chart below, in the year 2012, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), in their worldwide mobile phone tracker survey, Apple has become the third largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. This was attributed to the company’s strong launch of the iPhone 4S was listed as the primary reason that the company leapfrogged over competitors LG and ZTE in the fourth quarter of 2011. Nokia still retained its spot as the leader in mobile phone shipments due to its worldwide distribution and manufacturing presence, with Samsung emerging as the number two manufacturer, with its Android smartphone line and new Windows Phone smartphones helping the company sell more than 300 million phones in 2011. Other mobile phones that dominated included Korean LG and Chinese vendor ZTE. More significantly increase in sales was witnessed with most of the consumers, moving from low-cost feature phones to increasingly powerful smartphones that include Android and Windows Ph one-powered smartphones.

Hajj The Pilgrimage to Makkah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hajj The Pilgrimage to Makkah - Essay Example When people from all around the world stand in silence and in a row while praying in the mosque, it shows the exhibition of equality and discipline among the Muslims. Hajj is an annual congregation of worship. 2. Lesser pilgrimage is known as the Umra and is commonly referred to as Haj-e-Asghar. Although many acts of worship performed in Umra are those performed in of Hajj, there are certain fundamental differences as Hajj is obligatory, Umra is not. Hajj can only be performed on prescribed dates, but there isn't any time and date fixed for performing Umra. It is undesirable to perform Umra between 9th and 13th of ZilHajj of the Islamic calendar. Umra can be performed individually (while Hajj is performed in groups) and is a shorter course of pilgrimage. 3. Ihram: Pilgrims put on Ihram during the Hajj ritual. They are 2 white sheets of unsown cloth. One sheet is used for covering the lower portion of the body (from the navel downwards) and the other is used for covering the upper portions of the body. Head while remaining uncovered. Ihram for women is their everyday clothes. It is compulsory for women to cover their heads, but no cloth should touch their faces. Before putting on the Ihram the pilgrim should first take a full bath and clean his body thoroughly. He may then put on Ihram and cover his head with some unsown piece of cloth and offer prayers. Ihram is the first and foremost obligation of Hajj.

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st Dissertation

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st century - Dissertation Example es and trade press conducted and published (Manninen 2004; Taulavuori 2005; Salmela 2004; Karjaluoto & Leppaniemi 2005; Barnes 2002; Leppaniemi & Karjaluoto 2005; and Salo and Tahtinen 2005). Mobile communication channels is being viewed as the next frontier in achieving customer relation as mobile phone companies seek to market themselves through the mobile devises (Barnes and Scornavacca 2004; Facchetti et al. 2005; Denk & Hackl 2004; Kalakota and Robinson 2002; Varshney 2003; and Wang and Wang 2005). For the mobile phone manufacturers, it is not just a matter of providing a hand held device but ensuring that they provide a device that is able to provide various related benefits such as instant connectivity, increased convenience, and personalization of services. Phone manufacturers have to ensure that their devices are able to meet user's needs, such as provision of a platform that is able to support, m-commerce applications and other applications that is able to provide them with unforgettable experience. Despite the fact that increased studies have shown the benefits of mobile commercial communication, most businesses have not been able to recognise the importance of ensuring that their mobile devises are integrated with mobile communication devices that can help increase their client base and hence increased profitability. This research is intended to provide a platform for mobile phone manufacturer and users especially those that hope to increase their relationship on the business to consumer relation to be able to recognise the mobile devises produced are able to provide increased benefits to consumers and as a result, increase sales of their products and services and hence profitability. 1.1Research Objectives The main objective of the research is to help...Mobile device market is growing at a phenomenon pace. By the year 2008, Apple sold 4 million iPhones a figure, that was translated to almost 20,000 iPhones sold every day. At the same time, it was r eported that by the year ending 2007, the total percentage of web browsing on iPhone was at 0.12% of all browsing in the market. Apple’s iPhone has changed the game for many users browsing the web on a mobile device. Web developers can now create functionally rich and visually appealing applications that run within the iPhone’s version of the Safari Mobile web browser. As shown in the chart below, in the year 2012, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), in their worldwide mobile phone tracker survey, Apple has become the third largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. This was attributed to the company’s strong launch of the iPhone 4S was listed as the primary reason that the company leapfrogged over competitors LG and ZTE in the fourth quarter of 2011. Nokia still retained its spot as the leader in mobile phone shipments due to its worldwide distribution and manufacturing presence, with Samsung emerging as the number two manufacturer, with its Android smartphone line and new Windows Phone smartphones helping the company sell more than 300 million phones in 2011. Other mobile phones that dominated included Korean LG and Chinese vendor ZTE. More significantly increase in sales was witnessed with most of the consumers, moving from low-cost feature phones to increasingly powerful smartphones that include Android and Windows Ph one-powered smartphones.

Case study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2 - Case Study Example They fail to understand why the separation has happened and then end up having so much stress in themselves. Relationships however do not just work on the basis of inherent and goodness nature of the human beings (Cushman and Cahn 87). Another source of stress in relationships is the fact that there are frantic efforts to change the partners. Such things hardly happen because there are so many people that have backgrounds that have created them into the people that they are. Past experiences have made it possible for people to have specific characteristics. The anger and resent that follows these efforts are so critical that there so much stress that follows up (Romero 43). There are also some issues that happen in relationships and these may be a cause of a lot of stress if they are not handled well. One of them is the issue of blame game. There are people who are difficult to deal with and all the blame is always diverted to the other person. With the sense of guilt by virtue of no t having taken part in the issue that caused the concern, it becomes very hard for the ‘victim’ to take the blame. People are created differently. The issue of ‘kicking your seeing-eye dog’ supports the source of this stress. This issue is based on the principle that opposites attract (Fine and Harvey 22). One person may be a fanatic of sports for instance while the other, loathes sports. There is no clear cut point of focus as far sharing the hobbies is concerned. This culminates into not spending so much time together hence a stress of loneliness and misunderstanding. Some people handle relationships and stress differently. These are people who view stress as not being a big part of relationships but should be part of relationships. These people understand the fact that there are stresses that are acquired in the relationship and others are experienced outside the relationship. Therefore, combining these two is a suicidal issue that poisons the relationsh ip. Stresses that are obtained from the relationship should therefore be handled in the relationship amicably and the stresses experienced outside the relationship should also be handled outside (Rockwood 471). The situation as expressed by Mary is that of need for understanding in a situation where there are people with two different goals in the relationship and in life. She is so much into the other person Dewayne but he does not feel the same way. An analytical view of the case in which she confronts him after spotting him with another girl entering a restaurant is not proof enough to warrant a confrontation. Equally important is the fact that DeWayne lied to her that he was going for some study only to be seen with another girl. The fact that they had also discussed about later commitments in life makes the case even more complicated for Mary. She is suffering from the stresses of trusting him so much yet there are indications that she did not understand him to the required lev el, possibly due to lack of effective communication. Mary’s perceptions about the relationship were very valid and realistic going by the length of time they had been together. Two years allow individuals in a relationship to be able to understand each other and create a relationship that is bound to withstand the waves of time. DeWayne tends to adapt the characteristic of an individual considered to be difficult by social psychologists. This is the

Structure of Myometrium Architecture

Structure of Myometrium Architecture THE STRUCTURAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE MYOMETRIUM ARCHITECTURE Antonella Chescà ¤1, M.A.Moga1, Mariana Tilinca2, H. Matei3 Summary The morphological aspects of the human non-pregnant and pregnant at due time myometrium were emphasized by the classical histological technique and the electronic microscopic technique. We noticed the structural changes that appear at the level of the myocytes, connective and myometrial vascular structures. Both the stage of non-pregnant uterus and the one of pregnant uterus at due time present structural and ultra-structur ­al particularities at the level of the myocytes, connective structures and of the myometrial vascular ones. Key words: myometrium, myocytes, optical microscopy, electronic microscopy The myometrium is made up of smooth muscular fibers that are internally disposed in layers with circular fibers and externally with longitudinal fibers, in-between them being a layer of coiled fibers that, during the pregnancy, allow the uterus to grow and to be properly irrigated with blood. The myometrium is crossed by numerous blood vessels, with predominant venous type structures, also known as stratum vasculosum. It was ascertained that the uterine smooth muscular fibers play a major role in the physiologic haemostasis, namely in closing the vascular structures at this level. (5) During the pregnancy both the uterine body and the cervix become violaceae, due to the strong blood irrigation. The pregnancy is featured by the hypertrophy and the hyper ­plasia of the myometrium. We may also notice an increase of the number of elastic and collagen fibers that prevent the uterine wall from breaking. The changes of the cervix are less representative and consist of edema and local congestion. (4) The normal evolution of the pregnancy takes place on the grounds of certain important transformations of the endocrine system. Besides the changes appearing at the level of the genital tract generated by the development of the embryo and of the fetus, the body of the pregnant woman will undergo a stage of more intense hormone activity. (3) The investigations were made on human fresh material taken by the specialty services of obstetrics-gynecology, with the contribution of the anatomical pathology service within Dr. I. A. Sbarcea Hospital of Brasov and of the specialized study laboratories of the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department within Carol Davila Medical University of Bucharest. The fragments of the normal non-pregnant uterus were obtained from surgeries such as total and subtotal hysterectomies. The fragments of normal pregnant uterus at due time were taken both from the uterine body and from the cervix. The fragments taken within the specialty services were studied by means of the classical optic microscopy method and by means of the electronic microscopy. The classic histological technique used the hematoxylin- eosin and Van Gieson staining. The fragments taken for examination by means of the electronic microscope were processed according to the technique that includes as main stages the fixation with glutaraldehyde in cacodyl pad for 90 minutes at 4C, washing with cacodyl pad pH 7.4, three times for 5 minutes at 4 °C; incubation in GOMORI environment; postfixacion in 0s04 of 1%, for 90 minutes at 4 °C; rinsing in bidistilled water three time for 5 minutes each, at room temperature, block coloring in uranyl acetate for 30 minutes, at 4C in the dark, washing with 10% alcohol, twice, 3 minutes each, at room temperature; dehydration with propdenoxide, twice for 5 minutes each at room temperature; dehydration with absolute ethylic alcohol, 3 times. 5 minutes each at room temperature; dehydration with propilenoxide twice, 5 minutes each at room temperature; penetration in Epon with inclusion in propilenoxide (1:1), for minimum one hour, followed by the evaporation of propilenoxide, up to 8 hours, penetration with Epon inc lusion for 2 hours, inclu ­sion, ultra sectioning at microtoms, grids contrasting and grids examination at the electronic microscope, obtaining magnifications between lOOOxoOOOx according to Onicescu method, 1998. We monitored the structural and ultra structural changes appearing in the uterine muscular fibers, in the connective structures at this level, as well as of the vascular myometrial structures using classical histological and electronic microscopy techniques. Ultra structurally, the uterine muscular fiber presents features common to the smooth muscular fibers of the cavity organs, with a centrally located, elongated nucleus. The sarcolemma of the myocytes located at the periphery of the muscle fiber seems to have three layers. The changes appeared at the level of the sarcoplasma may be grouped in two areas. At the level of the central area, the changes of the common organelles are being emphasized, such as the rough endoplasmic reticulum made up of several cisterns and vacuoles, of whose membranes ribosomes are being attached at large intervals, free ribosomes and glycogen inclusions, rare flattened sacks and mitochondria presenting a small number of lamella-form christa. At the level of the peripheral area that occupies the larger part, are the special, organelles, forming the contrac ­tile sublayers of the uterine muscular fiber, namely the myofilaments and the dense bodies. The myofilaments, visible at the electronic microscope, are represented only by actin filaments corresponding to the thin filaments of the striated muscle fiber. The myosin filaments are missing, corresponding to the thick filaments of the striated muscle fiber. We noticed ultra structural changes of the uterine muscular fiber, where the myosin appears as dense bodies, noticed as opaque spots, dense at electrons flow, elongated, distributed among the actin filaments. (12) During the pregnancy the myometrium hypertrophies, process that by its rapidity and amplitude, is a unique phenomenon in the normal adult body, accompanied by spectacular reshuffling of the uterine muscle fiber. In these circumstances, the myocytes grow of about 5-10 times, reaching lengths of 500 micrometers. In the same time, they keep their general shape, but elongations appear extensions especially at the ends. (7)Thus, major changes of the main components of the sarcoplasma are achieved. Both the myofilaments and the dense bodies numerically grow. Unlike the myocyte from the non pregnant uterus, the commune organelles occupy large areas in the sarcoplasma and in the peripheral area of the cell. The Golgi complex shows quantity and quality changes, becoming one of the most prominent features of the sarcoplasma. The quantity determinations showed an increase of the glycogen content of the pregnant uterine muscle fiber, of approximately 50 times. (5) Under the influence of the ovaries hormones, various kinds of muscle connections appear in the myometrium, characteristic to the effect of the estrogens or of the progesterone. Under the influence of the estrogen, we may simultane ­ously notice three types of distinct cell groups, light cells oriented approximately parallel to the more or less smooth surfaces, light cells in transverse arrangement and having inter-located surfaces on wide areas and spiral dark cells, located in transverse arrangement, with wider distances between them. (9) Under the influence of the progesterone, after the ovulation and during pregnancy, we may notice rare light cells, yet, the vacuolated cells dominate, especially after the ovulation. As well, typical spiral cells, with more or less smooth surfaces highlighted. At the level of the intrauterine connective tissue, although the predominant connective cell is the fibroblast, we may also notice macrophages, plasmocytes and masto- cytes, all these cell types being reduced in number. Both the structural appearance and the activity of the connective cells undergo changes that take place under the hormonal influences occurring in the uterine functional cycle. (2) We noticed that in the uterus that prepares for gestation, fibroblasts may undergo metaplasia and may change into myocytes. The pregnancy stresses the most the connective cell, in the sense of accelerating in it the synthesis process of the specific macromolecules, such as the collagen and certain products such as the glycosaminoglycanes. (3) The cervix of the adult woman presents in its structure a large amount of connective tissue, made up of cells, fibres, fundamental substance and a small number of smooth muscle fibres. In the non pregnancy stage, the connective of the cervix seems twice more abundant than the one uterine body. (4) The blood vessels of the myometrium, of artery or vein type, represent the constant and favourable element to all myomterial cell metabolic changes, in all the uterine functional phases. This way they insure all myometrial local metabolic activity, of synthesis, on collaboration between the myocytes and the surrounding connective, of cell symbiosis changing in pregnancy compared to non pregnancy. (6) On the myometrium fragments of the non pregnant Figure 3 Non pregnant normal uterus. Myometrium. Transmission Electron Microscopy x 2950 normal uterus and pregnant uterus at due time, by means of the classical histological technique we highlight an arrange ­ment characteristic to a myometrial area where the smooth muscle fibers are placed in fascicles having different direc ­tions and sizes. In between them, we may notice weakly represented connective structures, (fig. 1) The image shows a myometrial area where the connec ­tive structures are well represented in the non pregnant uterus. In the same time, we may notice that between the fascicules of myometrial muscle fibers, blood vessels of capillary and arterioles type are present in longitudinal section, (fig. 2) Figure 1 Non pregnant normal uterus. Myometrium. Optical Microscopy. Hematoxylin-Eosin stain x 20 Using the technique of electronic microscopy, on a microphoto we notice the detail of an area of the sarcoplasma of the uterine smooth muscle fiber. We notice a large number of mitochondria positioned in groups between the myofilaments and especially in a row in the closest neighborhood and along the dense bodies. Among Figure 4 Normal uterus, pregnant at due time. Myometrium. Optical Microscopy. Hematoxylin-Eosin stain x40 the mitochondria there are frequent glycogen inclusions. We may notice the anchoring of the actin filaments of the dense body of the myocyte, (fig. 3) At an magnifying power of 40x, using the classical histological technique, we observe the smooth muscle fibers, with elongated, euchromatic nucleus, with rich sarcoplasma and a cross-sectioned arteriole. The fibroblasts between the myocytes are rare, with dark, rectilinear nucleus, (fig. 4) The figure illustrates myocytes presenting a large, oval- shaped, largely elongated, rich in euchromatine nucleus, with 1-3 nucleoli. The sarcoplasma is abundant. Near the muscle fibers, there is a large amount of connective tissue with fibroblasts and numerous connective fibers, (fig. 5) Figure 2 Non pregnant normal uterus. Myometrium. Optical Microscopy. Van Gieson stain x 20 An observed ultrastructural aspect illustrates longitudi ­nally sectioned smooth muscle fibers, with grouped charac ­teristic arrangement, namely the thinned part of a myocyte being near the thicker central area of the neighboring myocytes. Between the muscle fibers there are narrow spaces with less connective matrix. The nucleus of the muscle fibers is predominantly euchromatic and the sarcoplasma near the poles of the nucleus contains cellular organelles, besides them we may observe myofilaments and rare dense odies. The sarcoplasma shows caveolae and dense areas, lear the myocytes we find a fibroblast with large nucleus, ctively euchromatic. Around it, the cytoplasm is loaded dth cellular organelles, among which we notice the rough ndoplasmic reticulum, as dilated, inter-communicating acks. (fig. 6) Researches based on modern techniques of electronic licroscopy, lead to data related to ultrastructural organization †¢f the uterine smooth muscle fibers, with its particularities in wo distinct functional moments, non pregnancy and regnancy, in healthy women, with uterus having no We observed the vicinity relations between the nyocytes and the connective cells at this level, focusing m the fibroblasts, connective cells considered to be lormone-sensitive, moreover as this type of cells takes  »art in the composition of organs that are hormone- ensitive such as the uterus or its components. (2) The technique of electronic microscopy highlighted dtrastructural aspects of the smooth muscle fibers, of the connective cells and of the vascular structures of the nyometrium of the non pregnant and pregnant uterus. Studies of electronic microscopy highlighted various tspects. Thus, the specific functions of the smooth muscle, uch as tension, contraction and relaxation, are considered to )e the result of the coordinated activity of the muscle cells. X/e assumed the existence of a functional syncytium at least or four functional conditions. In the same time, we lescribed the fusion of the neighboring cell membranes, in ;ertain contact points, namely intercellular junctions type  »nulla occludens and it may be considered that such ;onnections would represent the morphological fundamen- :als of the functional synctyium. (11) As well, we showed that :he number of noticed contact points is small compared to :he surface of the cell. According to certain authors, the iifferent forms of cell contacts are granted to various imctional states of the same muscle. The muscle connec- :ions thus exist as interdigital cells, on wide surfaces, with anclearly defined cell membranes or as sole, distinct cells. Varied forms of muscle cells seem to help the answer to the question whether the myometrial contraction is isotonic or isometric. From this point of view, we consider that the function of the myometrium resides in an isometric contraction. The observations of other researchers suggest that in the myometrium and in the smooth muscle of other cavity organs, the isometric and isotonic contractions are just different phases of a complex contraction cycle. According to the morphological observations, it seems to be the rhythmic passing from relaxation to isometric contractions and the other way around. (10) According to recent studies, the fine structure of myometrium from pigs collected at well-defined stages dur ­ing pregnancy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the pregnant myometrium resembled that in non-pregnant pigs. Thick myofilaments were conspicuous during early pregnancy, unapparent during mid-pregnancy and visible again by days 80-84 and towards Figure 5 Normal uterus, pregnant at due time. Myometrium. Optical Microscopy. Van Gieson stain x20 Figure 6 Normal uterus, pregnant at due time. Myometrium. Transmission Electron Microscopy xl 500 parturition. Gap junctions were extremely rare throughout pregnancy. (8) The researches in the field are ongoing, due to the modern investigation possibilities that, besides the already known investigation methods, mainly refer to the immunohistochemical techniques.